以下是个人整理的一些 UNLOCK2 LISTENING & SPEAKING SKILLS 的学习笔记，希望可以帮到大家。大家可以在这里下本书的PDF版本：下载地址 提取码:daga

 

UNIT 1 PLACES

Planning a presentation

Use a table to plan your presentation so that it is well-organized and you have enough to say. Add sections for an introduction, general facts about your topic, advantages, disadvantages as well as a summary.

 

 

UNIT 2 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS

Listening and taking notes

Remember that notes should be short. If you write too much you sometimes miss the next part of the listening. Only write the most important words.

e.g. Place: the festival is in Muscat

 

 

1. Present simple is used to talk about habits, routines and facts.
2. Present continuous is used to talk about actions happening now.
3. The auxiliary verbs used with Present continuous are: am/ is / are and the verb + -ing.
4. The auxiliary verbs used with the question from of the Present continuous are am/ is / are.
5. When where is a noun or adjective in Present simple questions, questions can be made with a form of be(am/ is / are)
6. Use do or does in sentences with a main verb in the present simple.
   1. Do you like music?
   2. Does he play the guitar?
   3. Are you like music?
7. Use are or is in sentences with a main verb in the -ing form.
   1. Are you listening to pop music?
8. Use are or is in sentence with adjectives or nouns.
   1. Are you good at music?
   2. Are you musical?
   3. Do you listening to music? This is incorrect because listening has -ing.
   4. Do you a musician? This is incorrect because musician is a noun.

 

A collocation is a combination of two or more words which are used together in a way that sounds correct.

e.g. go to University, go to a talk, go to class

 

 

UNIT 3 SCHOOL AND EDUCATION

verb & preposition followed by verb + ing

e.g. concentrate on The course

concentrated on reading

appologized for being late

planning on going abroad

verb followed by infinitive or verb + in

e.g. prefer: Do you prefer to walk alone or do you prefer working in a group.

start / begin / stop

verb followed by infinitive （to + verb） 只能

e.g. decide: She decided to take maths.

want to / agree to

verb followed by verb + ing. 只能

e.g. finish: I finished doing my home \work.

 

 

UNIT 4 THE INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY

Listening for reasons

People often talk about reasons for thins happening. For example: I passed my exam because I worked hard.

Working hard is the reason I passed my exam.

When people give reasons for things, they use words like as, because of and due to. If you hear these you know a reason will follow.

because of 后接原因 / as 表示原因，后接句子 / Due to 表示原因

 

CAN / BE ABLE TO

can / can’t and be able to / be not able to are used to talk about general ability in the present.

could / couldn’t are used to talk about general ability in the past.

was able to / wasn’t able to and couldn’t are used to talk about ability in particular situations in the past.

could 一般表示自然而然的能力 be able to  表示后天学习或环境影响的能力

 

AND / AS WELL AS

and： 可连接词语和句子

as well as: 只能连接词语/名词词组

 

表转折的连词

But, however, whereas and on the other hand link similar ideas / link different infomation

but

however 但是

whereas 然而

on the other hand 从另一方面来讲

e.g.

1. People use computers to save information and to organize it.
2. People use computers to save information and also to organize it.
3. Also People use computers to save information and to organize it.
4. People use computers to save information as well as to organize it.
5. People use computers to save information and to organize it too.

 

总结

To conclude / In conclusion

e.g. To conclude, social networks are a useful way.

In conclusion, social networks are a useful way.

 

 

UNIT 5 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

Listening for genre

When you listen for information, it can help if you know the type or ‘genre’ of the text. Genre describes the special characteristics of a text,

e.g. a news report usually has one person speaking, it is factual and formal and it begins with a short description of the main stories. If you know the genre of a text you can make predictions,

e.g. guess how any people will speak, the order of information and the words you may hear. This will help you understand quickly.

 

IMPERATIVE CLAUSES

We use imperative clauses when we want to tell someone to do something. The clauses do not usually have a subject.

Open your books.        Wait for me.

We also use imperative clauses when we want to tell someone not to do something. Negative imperatives use the auxiliary do + not + the infinitive without to. Do not is formal so in speaking negative imperatives use don’t. We can use don’t on its own in short answers.

A: Shall I call a taxi?

B: No don’t. We can walk. It’s not far.

Imperatives are a very direct way of speaking. To sound more polite, use please or, in formal situations, If you wouldn’t mind.

Open your books please. Please wait for me.

Please stay here if you wouldn’t mind.

 

VERB PATTERNS

1. Say is indirect. We say something (to someone).
2. Tell is direct. We tell someone something. We can’t tell to someone something.
3. We can say something.
4. We can use that after say but not directly after tell.
5. Speak is used with to someone about something.
6. Ask is used with someone about something or with someone to do something.

e.g. He said Tuvan is a type of Russian.

He told Tuvan is a type of Russian.

He said that Tuvan is a type of Russian.

He told that Tuvan is a type of Russian. Told 后要跟宾语不能加that

He said Tuvan is a type of Russian.

He told to us Tuvan is a type of Russian. tell sb. sth.

He said us Tuvan is a type of Russian.  said后要跟that

He told us Tuvan is a type of Russian.

We spoke someone. spoke不及物，要跟to

We asked someone.

We spoke to him about the end of Bo.

We asked to him about the end of Bo. ask不用加to

 

 

UNIT 6 WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Predicting ideas from research

Before we listen to lectures, reports or information about a topic, we often have time to prepare. It helps to read some information in advance because you can learn about the key topic information and issues that people think are important. You can then predict the main ideas that you will hear.

 

Decisions and plans

1. We use will to talk about decisions made at the time you are speaking.
2. We use going to talk or ask about decisions made before you speak / a general plan which can change in the future.
3. We use present continuous to talk about fixed arrangements made for the future. It is difficult to change these arrangements.

Predictions

1. We use going to when we have evidence to show the future event.
2. We use will when we are guessing or are not certain. We often use it with probably.

 

Recognizing mood

The way that people speak can help you understand their mood. Mood is the way that someone feels. When people speak their intonation tells you if they are happy and interested or upset and bored. Some listening exercised ask students to decide on the mood or opinion of the speaker.

 

Evaluating consequences

Using a consequence map can help you to organize your thoughts before a speaking task. Use you map to evaluate the possible effects of event or decisions.

 

 

 

UNIT 7 SPORTS AND COMPETITION

Understanding bias

Before listening you should think about who is talking and why. Sometimes people are ‘biased’: they will have a special reason to agree or disagree with something. For example, a jockey will say horse racing is the most interesting sport but a footballer will choose football. So if you think about the person, this can give you information about what they might think before they speak. You can then listen for words that help you understand their opinions.

 

REVIEW OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

1. To talk about an action which finished in the past but which has a result now.
2. To talk about an action that started in the past and continues or is repeated now.
3. To talk about an experience in the past(could be at any time until now)

一般形式：Subject + have / has + 过去分词

否定形式：Subject + have not / has not + 过去分词

疑问句：have / has + subject + 过去分词

 

 

UNIT 8 BUSINESS

Understanding numbers

Numbers are difficult to hear if they are said quickly or if they are very long. You need to understand the numbers but also any words related to numbers.

e.g. percent; point. Practise listening and writing numbers as much as you can.

1/5 = one-fifth

1/2 = one-half

2/3 = two-thirds

0.5 = zero point five / 0 point five / nought point five

31.5 = thirty-one point five

103 = one hundred and three

1540 = one thousand five hundred and forty

 

Comparing quantities

1. People wasted the most time on the internet.
2. People spent the least time texting friend.
3. People less time texting than talking to people.
4. People spent more time talking to people than having long breaks.

程度从小到大：the least → less → more → the most

 

Comparing adjectives

1. Earning a lot of money is more important than having an interesting job.
2. The most exciting work is to run your own business.
3. Younger people do not have the same experience as older people in management.
4. They are the least experienced in a company.
5. Older people with families don’t work as hard as young, single people.
6. People who work the longest hours do the most work.
7. The best time to start work is after university.

 

Comparatives(comparing two things)

1. Examples of comparatives are: younger / older and more important than.
2. If the adjective is one syllable we add er to make a comparative.
3. If there are two or more syllables we use the word more / less before the adjective.
4. We use than after the adjective.
5. We can show two things are the same with as + adjective(adverb) + as.

 

Superlatives(comparing one thing to a group)

1. Examples of superlatives are: the -est and the most / least.
2. If the adjective is one syllable we use the word the and add -est to the end of the adjective.
3. If there are two of more syllables we use the word the and most before the adjective. The least is the opposite to this.
4. Some adjectives are irregular.
5. Good – better – best;             bad – worse – worst

 

Particle 小品词（与动词构成短语动词的副词或介词）

1. You have noted a lot of information down.
2. I haven’t finished yet – I ran out of time.
3. I noted down the key information.
4. I took part in the discussions on this.
5. I found out a large amount of information.
6. I found a lot of interesting information out.
7. I looked at how people spend time at work……
8. ……the reasons why they didn’t get on with their work
9. They only just had enough money to get by.

 

muti-word verbs

1、Muti-word verbs can be used with objects. Sometimes the object goes either between the verb and the particle or after the verb and the particle.

verb + object + particle

You have noted a lot of information down.

I found a lot of interesting information out.

verb + particle + object

I noted down the key information.

I found out a large amount of information.

2、Sometimes the object only goes after the verb and the particle. When this happens the multi-word verb is ‘inseparable‘.

verb + particle + object

I ran out of time.

I take part in the discussion on this.

I look at how people spend time at work.

the reasons they didn’t get on with their work.

3、Some multi-word verbs don’t take an object. When this happens, the multi-word verb is ‘intransitive’.

A third of people only just had enough money to get by.

 

 

UNIT 9 PEOPLE

Saying dates

When saying dates we usually split the number into two parts

e.g. 1996 is said nineteen ninety-six.

If the date ends ’00’ we usually say hundred

e.g. 1900 is nineteen hundred.

This century we say two thousand and …… But we can also say twenty…… for years later than 2009.

e.g. 2004 is two thousand and four; 2011 is two thousand and eleven or twenty eleven.

 

Recognizing attitude

When people speak they don’t always say what they think directly. If they don’t want to sound negative, they use a positive adjective but a negative verb.

e.g. It isn’t very good instead of It’s bad.

They also weaken a negative statement by using phrases like a bit. Being aware of this when listening can help you understand what the speaker really means.

 

-ED AND -ING ADJECTIVES

1. Adjectives ending in -ing describe the reason for a feeling e.g. a situation or thing
2. Adjectives ending in -ed describe what people feel as the result of something.

e.g. the last time you were bored.

a boring job.

 

SUFFIXES

Suffixes come at the beginning / end of a word.

The suffixes -ing and -ed often make words into nouns / adjectives.

 

 

UNIT 10 SPACE AND THE UNIVERSE

Recognizing words with easily confused sounds

Some words sound the same or very similar. If the words sound the same you have to guess from the context which word is correct.

 

TRAVEL VERBS AND NOUNS WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS

travel

verb to move from one place to another; to go on a journey to visit places.

noun used generally to describe the activity of moving from one place to another, often used after another noun.

e.g. air travel, train travel

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journey

noun often found with go on a , make a ; collocates with long, train, bus, return ; usually describes travel over a long distance.

---

trip

noun often found with take a, make a or go on a; collocates with business and shopping; usually means a journey with a special reason.

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voyage

noun a journey by sea or in space but usually from one place to another i.e. A → B

---

flight

noun a journey by air

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cruise

noun travel by sea; usually this means visiting many places, not just one for pleasure i.e. A→B→C→D→A

 

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